Webin disasters where a lot of people lose their homes, the impacts are not confined to a single city or town.
They ripple outward, cascading into the surrounding.
Webripple efects mapping (rem) is a qualitative method which can capture the wider impacts, and adap‐ tive nature, of a systems approach.
Webpresentation of the ripple effects mapping impact pathways.
We identified 19 impact pathways within the example rem output (fig.
6), and as evidenced, many.